L'esprit Ingénieux

Editorial No 15 Revista L'esprit ingenieux

Yuddy Alejandra Castro-Ortegón — 2025-08-01

Editorial escrita por la Ph.D. Yuddy Alejandra Castro Ortegón, Decana de la facultad de Bioingeniería de la Universidad Santo Tomás Seccional Tunja.

Análisis Estructural Avanzado del Templo de Huaytará-huancavelica (Perú)

Emerson Cuadros R — 2025-08-01

The San Juan Bautista church in Huaytara, Peru, was built by order of Inca Pachacutec in 1497 as part of the Inca Empire's expansion. Over the years, it has witnessed various historical events and undergone alterations, making it unique in terms of construction materials used in Latin America. However, due to a lack of conservation, it exhibits noticeable damage, particularly in the adobe walls, Inca wall, and facades. The focus of this work is a nonlinear structural analysis of the church to assess its behavior under seismic actions. It begins with a review of the current state and a historical investigation into the construction phases. Next, a 3D geometric model is generated using photogrammetric techniques, followed by a detailed description of the structural components and materials encountered during fieldwork. Mechanical characterization of the materials is conducted through laboratory tests in Lima and Barcelona. Finally, a 3D numerical model using finite element analysis is developed to evaluate the structural response to gravitational and seismic loads, employing the nonlinear static method (Pushover). This allows for the identification of the current damage causes and the most vulnerable elements of the church.

Diagnóstico de movilidad sostenible en ciudades intermedias: caso de estudio Tunja (Colombia).

Milton Fernando Ballesteros B. — 2025-08-01

The present research aims to provide a diagnosis of the state of sustainable mobility between the years 2015-2023 and offer possible solutions to encourage the use of sustainable mobility as a means of transportation. This document seeks to raise awareness among the public about the importance of implementing sustainable mobility as an everyday mode of transportation.

The objective is to propose potential solutions to promote environmentally friendly transportation options that help reduce environmental pollution, such as public urban transport, cycling, pedestrian modes, and micro-mobility. Furthermore, a thorough review of documents related to sustainable mobility from 2015 to 2023 will be conducted, along with an examination of plans that have been developed in the city of Tunja.

Interviews with individuals knowledgeable about the subject and surveys of a sample of the population will also be carried out to analyze the public's perception of sustainable mobility. Finally, with this information, the aim is to provide a detailed analysis of survey results and offer a diagnosis of sustainable mobility in the city of Tunja for the year 2023.

Calidad de la información y del sistema de gestión del conocimiento

Carlos Andres Caro Camargo — 2025-08-01

Information management and quality play a significant role in water resources at the Colombian level. In the municipality of Combita, a methodology proposed by the authors was implemented. This methodology was developed based on the main information gaps identified at the rural level in Colombia.

Four key factors are evaluated in the methodology, which are considered essential for information management and quality. Firstly, the creation of a system that allows us to spatially locate and georeference the collected data for better information management by positioning households spatially. This will be carried out using a custom macro and a plan also formulated by the authors. The macro will also enable the recording of consumption and information related to the registered account. The next sub-item to be considered will be land use, as the water demand in this context can be attributed to crops, and it can identify aqueducts for agricultural irrigation or key water exploitation points for the study. The third sub-item will be the identification of the current water intake, which will allow us to understand the access to potable water in rural aqueducts and assess its legality. In rural areas, the exploitation of surface and groundwater for agricultural or livestock purposes is common, and in some cases, it may lack the required water extraction licenses. Finally, an analysis of the current service quality will be conducted. This is of great importance because, in some cases, it involves old pipelines, limited access, intermittent service, or frequent maintenance due to deteriorated pipelines from years of use.

The study was conducted in the municipality of Combita (Boyacá), specifically in the San Rafael rural area, which lacks information and control. Hence, it was chosen as the study focal point.

Análisis comparativo de las propiedades mecánicas Del concreto celular: una perspectiva aplicativa.

Milton Fernando Ballesteros B. — 2025-08-01

This article provides an in-depth characterization of a modern material with significant advantages: cellular concrete. The characterization is based on diverse mechanical and structural properties, aligning with experimental research conducted globally. Key parameters chosen for material characterization include compressive strength, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, and density. A comparative analysis is conducted among six distinct experimental specimens prepared in various research studies to establish correlations with structural concrete. Following this, an applicative analysis of cellular concrete is conducted, followed by insights into its usage in Colombia. The results reveal that cellular concrete is a lightweight material, with its density varying between 400 kg/m^3 and 1900 kg/m^3, contingent upon the desired strength and constituent materials. The material demonstrates several benefits compared to structural concrete. However, its application must be carefully studied concerning the specific engineering challenge at hand. Despite its low density, it may not exhibit high mechanical strength; nevertheless, the material exhibits excellent resistance to penetration and densification, enhancing its overall appeal.

Análisis Comparativo Del Impacto De Las Variables De Población, Dbo Y Temperatura En Lagunas Facultativas

Cristian Aurelio Castro Garzón — 2025-08-01

The main objective of this research article is to perform a comparative analysis by varying the three characteristics evaluated, which correspond to population, biological oxygen demand (BOD) and temperature. This research consisted of determining the characteristics of the six facultative stabilization ponds to achieve a decrease in the BOD present. The limitations of the lagoons were determined by means of tables and graphs that represent the aforementioned information, taking into account the ranges established by the authors. The results showed that the temperature values are of great importance at the time of calculating the variables used since they have influence and are directly related to them, as well as the presence of high and low populations with the presence of high and low BOD ranges.

Revisión De La Variación En Profundidad De Lagunas Facultativas

Owen Santiago Cardona O — 2025-08-01

Stabilization ponds, and facultative ponds specifically, provide an optimal solution for wastewater treatment, focusing on the removal of BOD through various natural processes and pre-designed elements. When analyzing the factors that are most relevant in designing a facultative pond, the importance of retention time in relation to the depth at which the pond is designed was found. Taking these values into account, it was determined that the retention time is directly proportional to the depth, resulting in linear growth. This way, the possibility of studying the depth in more detail prior to the construction of a pond is analyzed in order to obtain appropriate retention times and efficiency in the purification of treated water.

Desarrollo y análisis de diseño Para una laguna facultativa

Mercy Yuliana Alba C — 2025-08-01

In this work, we will demonstrate how to design facultative ponds following the method of McGarry & Pescot (1998) to determine their characteristics based on six populations with their respective information. We will also highlight the importance of these ponds as an effective and economical solution for water treatment in various populations. We will describe their features, limitations, application options, and perform calculations and analysis of parameters such as flow rate, BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), the required area for pond design, bacteria purification time, necessary depth, and project efficiency in relation to these parameters, among others. Subsequently, variations will be made in some of these parameters to analyze how they change depending on the population size in each respective population.